Gallstones, also considered as gallstones, are small solid formations that form inside the gallbladder. They vary in size, from tiny grains of sand to larger stones that cause pain.
These stones do not always cause problems, but when they block the bile ducts, the pain shows suddenly and can be quite intense, joined by other annoying symptoms.
This problem affects women more, especially those with specific risk factors, such as a diet high in fats and a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the causes, symptoms and treatment options to avoid complications.
What are gallstones?
Gallstones are solid formations that frow in the gallbladder — a small organ located below the liver, responsible for storing bile, a liquid that helps in the digestion of fats.
According to the Cleveland Clinic, these stones are usually composed of cholesterol or bilirubin. Most of the time, they don’t cause symptoms, but if they block the bile duct, they can cause terrible pain and inflammation (cholelithiasis), which requires medical treatment.
There are two main types of gallstones: cholesterol gallstones, which are more popular, and pigmented gallstones, which happens due to excess bilirubin. Both can block the flow of bile and cause pain.
Symptoms of gallstones
According to the Mayo Clinic, symptoms vary relying on the severity and location of the stone. The most popular signs include:
- Severe pain in the upper right abdomen
- Pain in the center of the abdomen, below the breastbone
- Back pain between the shoulder blades
- Right shoulder pain
- Nausea and vomiting.
These symptoms show suddenly and can last from a few minutes to several hours. In severe cases, the stones cause complications such as infection and inflammation, requiring urgent medical attention.
Causes of Gallbladder Stones
Gallstones build when there is an inequality in the composition of bile. According to the BVSMS portal, the main risk reasons include:
- High-fat, low-fiber diet
- Sedentary lifestyle and high LDL cholesterol
- Diabetes and obesity
- High bl00d pressure
- Smoking
- Prolonged use of contraceptives
- Elevated estrogen levels, common in women
- Genetic predisposition.
- Adopting a balanced diet and maintaining an exercise routine are measures that help reduce the risk.
Gallstone Treatments
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. According to the Cleveland Clinic, when bile ducts are blocked, surgery to delete the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is the most effective approach.
For those who cannot or do not wish to undergo surgery, there are different options, such as medications to soften the stones or minimally invasive procedures, although these do not always remove all the stones.
When to see a doctor
Look for immediate medical attention if you notice severe abdominal pain, especially if accompanied by nausea or vomiting. If symptoms persist or worsen, there may be a blockage in the bile duct, seeking urgent intervention. In addition, fever and chills imply a possible infection, requiring prompt medical evaluation.
Prevention
To reduce your risk of gallstones, adopt healthy habits, such as:
- Keep a balanced, fiber-rich diet
- Practice physical activities regularly
- Avoid excessive weight gain
- No smoking
- Undergo medical monitoring to monitor risk factors.If you feel that something is wrong, visit a doctor. Don’t hesitate to look for help when you need it. Looking after your health is crucial to maintain your well-being.
